Arus International: Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, Humanities, Law, and Social Entrepreneurship

Artificial Intelligence: Can it be Considered a Legal Subject? An Existentialism Philosophy Review

Vincent — 2025-04-26

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in various sectors of life raises important questions regarding the legal status of AI. One of the issues that arises is whether AI can be considered a legal subject, which has independent rights and obligations. This study aims to explore the possibility of AI being recognized as a legal subject through an existentialist philosophical approach, which emphasizes individual existence and consciousness as the basis for determining human nature. In this context, the concept of existentialism will be used to assess whether AI, although it can operate independently, has consciousness or existence that allows it to be given legal status. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a philosophical analysis of relevant existentialist theories. The results of the study show that although AI has the ability to operate independently, there is no sufficient philosophical basis to consider it a legal subject, because AI does not have self-awareness or subjective existence which is the basis for granting rights and obligations in the perspective of existentialist philosophy

Realizing Substantive Justice Enforcement Through the Implementation of Progressive Law

Itok Dwi Kurniawan — 2025-04-26

A significant portion of Indonesia's legal system is still influenced by colonial legal heritage, which remains in effect today with various modifications. The dominance of positive law inherited from the colonial system prioritizes procedural justice, often neglecting the substantive aspects of justice itself. As a result, Indonesia's legal system has experienced a decline and requires fundamental changes to break free from the rigid conventional mindset.This study examines the concept of progressive law, a legal theory introduced by SatjiptoRahardjo. Progressive law emphasizes a more flexible approach in discovering the law by exploring the values that evolve within society. This perspective is considered more relevant to the needs of Indonesian society, as it allows the law to develop in accordance with social dynamics.In this research, the author highlights the understanding of progressive law in Indonesia and its relevance in providing legal considerations for judges in decision-making. The approach used is normative juridical, relying on literature studies and secondary data as the primary sources of analysis. It is expected that the findings of this study will contribute theoretically to the development of legal science, particularly in fostering a more dynamic and socially relevant legal thought

Planting and Caring for Plants: Implementing Laudato Si’ in Small Actions

cicilia fergina — 2025-04-26

Environmental degradation is increasingly demanding individual awareness to contribute to conservation efforts, including simple actions such as planting and caring for plants. This article examines the implementation of Laudato Si’, Pope Francis' encyclical on ecology, through small actions that individuals, especially students, can take to foster environmental awareness. This study aims to explore how planting and nurturing plants can serve as a meaningful ecological learning tool for children. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR), with data collected through direct observations and reports made by students. The analysis process is carried out through reflections based on the seven child modalities according to Romo Mangun’s experimental approach, which includes aspects such as courage, creativity, solidarity, and responsibility.The findings indicate that students' involvement in planting and caring for plants not only enhances their understanding of ecology but also develops their sense of responsibility and concern for the environment. Through reflections based on the seven child modalities, it was found that this activity helps students build character that is more conscious of the importance of environmental sustainability. Thus, the implementation of Laudato Si’ through small actions such as planting and nurturing plants has proven effective in instilling ecological values in daily life. This approach can serve as a simple yet meaningful learning model in shaping a generation that is more environmentally conscious

Analysis of the Real Economic Sector in Increasing the Human Development Index in Wakatobi Regency

Muh. Nur Muh. Nur — 2025-04-26

Development basically aims to improve the standard of living and welfare of the people. Therefore, development policies must always be based on how to encourage high economic growth, expansion of employment opportunities, poverty alleviation and equitable distribution of income. To achieve these goals, development must be carried out in a planned, gradual and sustainable manner continuously without end. As part of the autonomous region of the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government, the Wakatobi Regency Government should develop the real economic sector, especially those related to economic sectors that make a major contribution to improving people's welfare as seen from several indicators such as health levels from life expectancy, education levels with average length of schooling and increased income as measured by purchasing power. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data used in the study consists of quantitative data and qualitative data. data processing with the application of Quality Control, to obtain quality survey results, supervision is carried out by the research team including in the implementation of interviews and data entry by enumerators. This study found that improvements in the real sector economy in the sub-sectors of agriculture, plantations, fisheries and industry can improve people's welfare in Wakatobi Regency. This means that efforts to improve and develop real sector economic activities that affect the agricultural sector, plantation sub-sector, fisheries sub-sector and industrial sector will have a significant impact on increasing the Human Development Index value of the Wakatobi Regency community.

Inheritance Distribution Policy in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, the European Union, and the Historical Context of Harun al-Rashid's Reign

Ya’ Rakha Muyassar — 2025-04-26

This research explores a crucial topic concerning the management policy of inheritance within the framework of Islamic inheritance law, by conducting a comparative study between Indonesia, the European Union (EU), and the economic policies during the reign of Harun al-Rashid. Considering the significance of inheritance in maintaining family economic continuity and ensuring equitable wealth distribution, this study aims to analyze and compare how different nations and civilizations regulate the management and distribution of inheritance. The study focuses on the legal frameworks of inheritance in Indonesia and the EU, including the principles of inheritance law, the distribution of heirs' rights, and mechanisms for resolving inheritance disputes. Furthermore, the research delves into the economic policies implemented during the era of Harun al-Rashid, particularly those related to wealth distribution systems, protection of family rights, and the role of the state in maintaining social welfare through inheritance management. A qualitative juridical-sociological approach is employed to understand how legal, social, economic, and cultural factors influence inheritance policies in the three contexts. Data is collected through in-depth literature review, analysis of legal documents and policies, as well as studies of Islamic historical and economic literature. The research aims to identify similarities and differences in inheritance management approaches, and to evaluate the effectiveness and fairness of each model. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights for formulating a more just, inclusive, and contextually appropriate inheritance policy in Indonesia, by taking into account the experiences of different legal systems and historical civilizations.

Membangun Pondasi Indonesia Emas: Peranan Pengadilan Agama Putussibau di dalam Menekan Tingginya angka Perceraian dan Stunting di Kapuas Hulu

Ya’ Rakha Muyassar — 2025-04-26

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran strategis Pengadilan Agama Putussibau dalam menekan angka perceraian dan stunting di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu sebagai bagian dari upaya membangun fondasi Indonesia Emas 2045. Dengan pendekatan campuran, penelitian ini menggabungkan analisis kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan hakim, petugas Dinas Sosial, dan tokoh masyarakat, serta analisis kuantitatif terhadap data perkara perceraian dan prevalensi stunting selama periode 2020–2024.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Agama Putussibau telah mengimplementasikan berbagai inovasi layanan, seperti program SENTARUM (Pesan Antar Akta Cerai Sampai Rumah) untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas layanan hukum di wilayah terpencil. Selain itu, kerja sama dengan Dinas Sosial dalam penanganan dispensasi kawin bertujuan untuk mengendalikan pernikahan usia dini yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya angka stunting. Data menunjukkan bahwa dari Januari hingga April 2021 terdapat 83 pengajuan perceraian, dengan mayoritas penggugat adalah pihak istri, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti masalah nafkah dan ketidakcocokan . Sementara itu, angka stunting di Kapuas Hulu mengalami penurunan dari 32,9% pada tahun 2020 menjadi 31,2% pada tahun 2021.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peran aktif Pengadilan Agama Putussibau dalam inovasi layanan dan kolaborasi lintas sektor berkontribusi signifikan dalam menekan angka perceraian dan stunting. Rekomendasi yang diberikan meliputi peningkatan edukasi pranikah, penguatan program mediasi, dan perluasan kerja sama dengan berbagai pihak untuk mendukung pembangunan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas menuju Indonesia Emas 2045.